Production and use of biofuels for transport in Poland and Brazil – The case of bioethanol

•Comparison of the markets and methods of ethanol production in Poland and Brazil.•Differences in terminology associated with bioethanol to be used for transport purposes in both countries.•Performance of the production scale and use of ethanol in both countries in years 2010–2016.•The market attractiveness (value) of transport biofuels (especially bioethanol) in Poland.•Perspective of biofuel market development in Poland and Brazil.