Inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation and inflammation in C. elegans: Studies of potential of Lyngbya sp. against expression of stress related genes and Live cell imaging

Marine cyanobacteria Lyngbya sp. has been reported to produce many bioactive secondary metabolites which shows potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activity. However, several potentials are yet to be unexplored. Hence in this study, ethanolic fraction (EF) of Lyngbya sp. was used to analyse its therapeutic potentials. The extract was collected and analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The anti-oxidant activity and Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) inhibition by EF was explicitly studied in hyperglycaemic C. elegans as an animal model by live animal imaging and spectrofluorimetry assays. Live imaging and spectrofluorimetry analysis of hyperglycaemic C. elegans by high content screening revealed the decreased fluorescence intensity corresponding to AGE formation in EF treated animals than control. Likewise C. elegans treated with EF had also shown low internal glucose levels in 100 mmol/L and 200 mmol/L hyperglycemic worms, respectively than the hyperglycemic worms 100 mmol/L and 200 mmol/L, respectively. Moreover semi-quantitative RT-PCR studies showed the EF treated nematodes showed up-regulated glod− 4 and daf-16 expressions, while a decrease in daf-2 expression thus proving its role in AGE mitigation and increasing longevity in stress conditions. Anti-inflammatory study was also studied by using daf− 16 gene in C. elegansTJ356 daf16::GFP as an animal model. Thus, the ethanolic fraction of Lyngbya sp. extracts have the therapeutic potential as an inhibitor of AGE formation by modulating stress response gene expression and inflammation by controlling of daf− 16 gene.