Investigation of the Nonaxisymmetric Bending Property of Pollen Tubes via a Rotary Nanorobotic System

Mechanical properties, such as flexural rigidity and elastic modulus, are important factors deciding how pollen tubes penetrate and navigate inside flowers' styles and finally into ovules. As the ratio of pollen tubes' length to diameter can be far more than several thousand, bending the pollen tubes is an effective method to measure their mechanical properties. However, current techniques, such a...