Contribution of Geomatic to the Characterization and Favourability Study of the Hydrological Units of the Toudgha Watershed (Morocco)

Located in the south-east of Morocco, the Toudgha-Tinghir watershed is characterized by an arid climate with a strong spatiotemporal irregularity and very limited water resources marked by an increasing demand. The spatial analysis of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM), by the Geographical Information System (GIS), allowed on the one hand delimiting the watershed of Toudgha-Tinghir and on the other hand to map the information plans necessary for the development of the favourability map of the hydrological sub-units. Indeed, three categories could be distinguished: (i) the most favourable and are located upstream and in the centre of the Basin, (ii) the moderately favourable, generally located downstream of the Basin, and (iii) the unfavourable which are located in the centre of the upstream part of the Basin. The results obtained here will be of great importance, particularly in a context marked by climate change, for decision-making by local, regional and national decision-makers. The construction of a dam in this study area will make it possible, on the one hand, to relieve the pressure on groundwater and, on the other hand, to offer additional water to farmers and also contribute to an artificial recharge of the aquifer.