Étude phénotypique de la résistance des bactéries isolées des eaux des lacs et rivières de la ville de Franceville aux céphalosporines de troisième génération

Objectif: Cette etude explore la sensibilite des bacteries Gram- de forme bacillaire ( Aeromonas salmonicida , Escherichia coli 1, Escherichia coli 2, Klebsiella pneumoniae rhinosclero , Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Yersinia enterocolitica ) isolees des eaux des lacs, de la riviere M’passa et du fleuve Ogooue au Gabon aux cephalosporines de troisieme generation (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime et cefixime). Methodologie et resultats: Ces bacteries ont d’abords ete identifiees par le systeme Api 20 E, puis soumises a l’antibiogramme pour evaluer leur sensibilite aux quatre (4) antibiotiques. De ce fait, la sensibilite des bacteries aux cephalosporines de troisieme generation a ete evaluee par la methode de puits dans la gelose Mueller Hinton. Le diametre de la zone d’inhibition autour de chaque puit obtenu apres 18-24 heures d’incubation a ete mesure a l’aide d’un pied a coulisse. Au regard des resultats de cette etude, deux comportements majeurs des souches bacteriennes testees se degagent, d’une part la sensibilite et d’autre part la multiresistance observee avec la plupart des antibiotiques. Effectivement, Escherichia coli 1, Escherichia coli2, Klebsiella pneumoniae rhinosclero , Yersinia enterocolitica sont sensibles a la ceftriaxone et a la cefotaxime. Par contre, la multiresistance est observee avec Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Aeromonas salmonicida et Escherichia coli du milieu hospitalier qui presente toutes un caractere de resistante aux quatre (4) antibiotiques. Conclusion et application des resultats: En somme, le phenomene de multiresistance est present chez les bacteries isolees des eaux de Franceville. Donc, il est important de mettre en place un systeme de surveillance et de suivi de la qualite microbiologique de ces eaux. Mots cles: Antibiotiques, bacteries, multiresistance, sensibilite, cephalosporine English Abstract Objective: This study investigates the susceptibility of Gram- bacteria ( Aeromonas salmonicida , Escherichia coli 1, Escherichia coli 2, Klebsiella pneumoniae rhinosclero , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia enterocolitica ) to third generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime and cefixime) using water samples collected from the lakes, the Mu0027passa and the Ogooue Rivers in Gbon. Methodology and Results: The bacteria were first re-identified by the Api 20 E system, and then subjected to the antibiogram to evaluate of their sensibilities to four (4) antibiotics, namely ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime and cefixime. Therefore, the susceptibility of bacteria to the third generation cephalosporins was evaluated by the well method in Mueller Hinton agar. The diameter of the inhibition zone around each well was obtained after 18-24 hours of incubation and measured by means of a caliper. The results of this study revealed that the tested bacterial strains fall into two major groups, the sensible and the multiresistance ones. Indeed, Escherichia coli 1, Escherichia coli 2, Klebsiella pneumoniae rhinosclero , Yersinia enterocolitica were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. While, the multiresistance was observed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Aeromonas salmonicida and Escherichia coli of the hospital who presents quite a character of resistant to four (4) antibiotics. Conclusion and application of results: In summary, the phenomenon of multiresistance was observed in the bacteria isolated from the waters samples of Franceville. Therefore, it is important to set up a system for monitoring and monitoring the microbiological quality of these waters. Keywords: Antibiotics, bacteria, multiresistance, susceptibility, cephalosporin