Comorbilidades y gravedad de la apnea del sueño. Estudio en una cohorte de pacientes portugueses

Introduction. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is frequently associated to other morbid conditions that act as risk factors influencing OSAS morbidity and mortality. Aim. To analyse the presence of co-morbidities in OSAS patients, recruited from a sleep outpatient clinic in Northern Portugal, stratified as a function of OSAS severity. Patients and methods. A cohort of 319 sleep-disordered patients was assessed by clinical and sleep video-polygraphic recording. Patients (n = 209) with sleep respiratory distress had OSAS (n = 145) and severity defined according to Apnoea/Hypopnea Index (AHI); 64 had primary snoring or respiratory distress with AHI < 5; and 110 had other sleep disorders. A full individual background study was possible in 128 OSAS patients. The association to unique or multiple co-morbidities was assessed by clinical and analytical studies in general group or as a function of OSAS severity. Results. The presence of co-morbidities was of 75% in all OSAS patients and of 79.5% in the severe group of OSAS. Forty seven of patients had only one co-morbidity. The most common was obesity (56.3%) followed by high blood pressure, diabetes and other cardiovascular disorders. Obesity was present in 84% among the most severe OSAS cases and always present in those with multiple co-morbidities. When compared with the group of patients without sleep respiratory distress the co-morbidity condition was more frequently related to OSAS (p = 0.0196). Conclusion. Comorbidities are commonly associated to OSAS independently of disease severity. Among the comorbidities present obesity was the most common in the most severe OSAS cases.