Host-guest inclusion systems of daidzein with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD): Preparation, binding behaviors and water solubility

Daidzein is an isoflavone of naturally abundance existing in plants and foods which has attracted much attention for its significant benefits on human health. However, its application was severely limited by its poor solubilities, instability and low bioavailability. To overcome these drawbacks, inclusion complexes of daidzein with two cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives, i.e., 2-hydropropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) were prepared and characterized both in solution and solid state by 1D and 2D NMR, XRD, SEM and elemental analyses. Fluorescence spectroscopy and the Job plot were used to demonstrate a mainly 1:1 inclusion mode between daidzein and CDs. Their thermal stabilities were evaluated with TG and DSC experiments. Moreover, water solubility of daidzein was significantly improved by inclusion complexation with CDs. These results might suggest valuable approaches to developments of new pharmaceutical formulations of daidzein.