The β-1,3-glucan alleviated the hepatotoxicity induced by combination of fipronil and lead in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio)

The β-1,3-glucan exerts potential antioxidant effect in experimental animal models, but its role in the protection against fipronil and lead-induced toxicity in fish has not been investigated. In this study, we tested the β-1,3-glucan role against fipronil and lead-induced hepatotoxicity in Cyprinus carpio . Two hundred seventy C. carpio were divided into six groups: control, β-1,3-glucan (0.1 %), fipronil (0.0428 mg/L), lead nitrate (7.3 mg/L), coadministered (fipronil and lead), and coadministered β-1,3-glucan treated. Macrocytic hypochromic anemia with significant decrease in the hepatic antioxidant activities (catalase—CAT, superoxide dismutase—SOD, and glutathione—GSH) and significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was observed in fipronil, lead, and the coadministered groups. Moreover, a relative decrease in the level of gene expression (SOD, CAT, glutathione S-transferase—GST, glutathione peroxidase—GPx, and glutathione reductase—GR) was observed. The coadministered β-1,3-glucan-treated group showed an improvement in the erythrocytic pictures, increased hepatic antioxidant activities with a decrease in the MDA level. An improvement in the transcriptional level of SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, and GR was detected. The histopathological finding confirmed the obtained results. It could be concluded that β-1,3-glucan has a hepatoprotective effect against coadministration of fipronil and lead-induced hepatotoxicity in common carp ( C. carpio) .