Essai contrôlé à base communautaire portant sur la prise en charge alimentaire des enfants présentant une diarrhée persistante : effet bénéfique durable de la croissance pondérale et staturale.

Uncontrolled hospital-based studies in developing countries have reported promising results of dietary rehabilitation of children with persistent diarrhea. The objective was to determine the immediate and long-term effects of a dietary supplement and micronutrients given to children with persistent diarrhea during the episode and for 1 wk during convalescence. The study was open controlled and community-based and was conducted in a periurban area in Guinea-Bissau. Children < 3 y of age with persistent diarrhea were identified during weekly household visits. The children randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups were examined by a physician and all medical conditions were treated. The children in the treatment group were offered home-based dietary treatment consisting of locally available foods and micronutrient supplements. There were 141 episodes of persistent diarrhea during the study: 70 in the treatment group (in 58 children) and 71 in the control group (in 62 children). During the intervention period (median: 17 d) weight gain in the treatment group exceeded that of the control group by 61.5 g/wk (95% CI: 49.2 73.8) whereas there was no significant difference in linear growth on the basis of knee-heel length. At a median follow-up period of 6.6 mo after the intervention was stopped weight gain in the treatment group exceeded that of the control group by 12.5 g/wk (95% CI: 7.7 17.3); knee-heel length was 7.5 mm/y (4.8 10.2) greater and total length was 0.65 cm/y (0.11 1.19) greater in the treatment group. Therapeutic feeding and micronutrient supplementation had an immediate and sustained beneficial effect on growth in children with persistent diarrhea. (authors)