Estimating various losses in c-Si solar cells subjected to partial shading: insights into J – V performance reduction

This article reports the effect of partial shading (PS) on the electrical output of a solar cell using the two-diode model. The reduction in electrical performance parameters induced by various recombination losses has been explained for c-Si solar cells under the effect of PS. The PS mainly affects the short-circuit current density (J_SC) and efficiency (η ) of the solar cells. J_SC and η decrease from 37.84 to 5.48 mA cm^-2 and from 18.31 to 2