Comparative RNA-Seq analysis reveals a critical role for brassinosteroids in rose ( Rosa hybrida ) petal defense against Botrytis cinerea infection

Background One of the most popular ornamental plants worldwide, roses ( Rosa sp.), are very susceptible to Botrytis gray mold disease. The necrotrophic infection of rose petals by B. cinerea causes the collapse and death of these tissues in both the growth and post-harvest stages, resulting in serious economic losses. To understand the molecular basis of rose resistance against B. cinerea , we profiled the petal transcriptome using RNA-Seq technology. Results We identified differentially transcribed genes (DTGs) in petals during B. cinerea infection at 30 h post inoculation (hpi) and/or 48 hpi. Gene ontology term enrichment and pathway analyses revealed that metabolic, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were involved. The expression of 370 cell-surface immune receptors was upregulated during infection. In addition, 188 genes encoding transcription factors were upregulated, particularly in the ERF, WRKY, bHLH, MYB, and NAC families, implying their involvement in resistance against B. cinerea . We further identified 325 upregulated DTGs in the hormone signal transduction pathways. Among them, the brassinosteroid (BR)-related genes were the most significantly enriched. To confirm the role of BR in Botrytis resistance, exogenous BR was applied to rose flowers before the inoculation of B. cinerea , which enhanced the defense response in these petals . Conclusions Our global transcriptome profiling provides insights into the complex gene regulatory networks mediating the rose petal response to B. cinerea . We further demonstrated the role of the phytohormone BR in the resistance of petals to necrotrophic fungal pathogens.