Detection, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. from Free-Ranging Nonhuman Primates in Sri Lanka.

Infections with spp. and spp. are the most frequently reported causes of human bacterial enteritis. Warm-blooded animals, including livestock, pets, and wildlife, can be carriers of the bacteria and may contaminate the environment and food products. The present study investigated the occurrence of spp. and spp. in fecal pat samples from free-ranging toque macaques () and tufted gray langurs () collected in March-May 2015 in Sri Lanka. In 58 samples from toque macaques, was isolated in 10 (17%), in four (7%), and subsp. serovar Virchow in two (3%). None of the bacteria were isolated in the 40 samples from tufted gray langurs. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing identified six profiles and four clonal complexes of . The isolated spp. showed varying susceptibility to antimicrobial substances. All spp. isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, and streptomycin. Four of the were resistant to at least one of the following: ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline, and one of the isolates was multidrug resistant. All four were resistant to ampicillin, whereas the two Virchow strains were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. The presence of spp. and spp. in toque macaques may have an impact on the conservation of endangered primates and public health in Sri Lanka.