The value of [ 11 C]-acetate PET and [ 18 F]-FDG PET in hepatocellular carcinoma before and after treatment with transarterial chemoembolization and bevacizumab
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging(2017)
Abstract
Purpose This prospective study was to investigate the value of [ 11 C]-acetate PET and [ 18 F]-FDG PET in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before and after treatment with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody (bevacizumab). Methods Twenty-two patients (three women, 19 men; 62 ± 8 years) with HCC verified by histopathology were treated with TACE and bevacizumab ( n = 11) or placebo ( n = 11). [ 11 C]-acetate PET and [ 18 F]-FDG PET were performed before and after TACE with bevacizumab or placebo. Comparisons between groups were performed with t-tests and Chi-squared tests, where appropriate. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from start of bevacizumab or placebo until the date of death/last follow-up, respectively. Results The patient-related sensitivity of [ 11 C]-acetate PET, [ 18 F]-FDG PET, and combined [ 11 C]-acetate and [ 18 F]-FDG PET was 68%, 45%, and 73%, respectively. There was a significantly higher rate of conversion from [ 11 C]-acetate positive lesions to negative lesions in patients treated with TACE and bevacizumab as compared with that in patients with TACE and placebo ( p < 0.05). In patients with negative acetate PET, the mean OS in patients treated with TACE and bevacizumab was 259 ± 118 days and was markedly shorter as compared with that (668 ± 217 days) in patients treated with TACE and placebo ( p < 0.05). In patients treated with TACE and placebo, there was significant difference in mean OS in patients with positive FDG PET as compared with that in patients with negative FDG PET ( p < 0.05). The HCC lesions had different tracer avidities showing the heterogeneity of HCC. Conclusions Our study suggests that combining [ 18 F]-FDG with [ 11 C]-acetate PET could be useful for the management of HCC patients and might also provide relevant prognostic and molecular heterogeneity information.
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Key words
Hepatocellular carcinoma,FDG,Acetate,Pet,Bevacizumab,Transarterial chemoembolization
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