Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of artemether emulsion for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea: A randomized pilot study.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of artemether emulsion in patients with papulopustular rosacea. Methods: A total of 130 (randomized 1:1) were externally administered either artemether emulsion (1%) or metronidazole emulsion (3%) twice daily for 4 weeks with an open-label 8-week follow-up. The primary endpoints included the proportion of patients who achieved clinical effective responses, as well as erythema and papule and pustule score at week 4. Results: Numerically more patients achieved an effective response at week 4 with artemether emulsion (87.1%) than metronidazole emulsion (80.0%) (p > .05). Patients with artemether emulsion had comparable baseline erythema score (2.45 +/- 0.67 versus 2.42 +/- 0.70, p = .809) and papule and pustule score (2.11 +/- 0.96 versus 2.32 +/- 0.83, p = .264), but significantly lower papule and pustule score (0.21 +/- 0.52 versus 0.42 +/- 0.83, p = .001) and comparable erythema score (0.53 +/- 0.88 versus 0.62 +/- 0.88, p = .999) compared to patients with metronidazole emulsion at week 4. There was a significantly higher proportion of patients with metronidazole emulsion relapse compared to metronidazole emulsion during the open-label 8-week follow-up period (21.6% versus 2.4%, p < .01). Conclusions: Artemether emulsion improved papulopustular rosacea in the metronidazole emulsion group as early as 4 weeks, but its beneficial effect was maintained through the 8-week follow-up period compared to metronidazole emulsion.