Genital-Sparing Cystectomy versus Standard Urethral-Sparing Cystectomy Followed with Orthotopic Neobladder in Women with Bladder Cancer: Incidence and Causes of Hypercontinence with an Ultrastructure Study of Urethral Smooth Muscles.

The present study shoes that GSC with ONB leads to the minimal incidence of hypercontinence (7.80%), while standard USC lead to higher incidence (28.88%). Ultrastructure changes of the female urethra who had hypercontinence were fibrotic changes, loss of myelin sheath and minimal vascularity, their findings explains the underlying cause of hypercontinence and support the technique of GSC rather than the standard USC.