Purified thioredoxin reductase from O2-sensitive Bifidobacterium bifidum degrades H2O2 by interacting with alkyl hydroperoxide reductase

Bifidobacterium is beneficial for host health and exhibits different O2 sensitivity levels among species or strains via unknown mechanisms. Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM1255T, a type species of Bifidobacterium, is an O2-sensitive bacterium that can grow under low-O2 (5%) conditions, and the growth of this species is inhibited under high-O2 conditions (10% ∼) with accumulation of H2O2. We previously reported that NADH or NAD(P)H oxidase-active fractions were detected during purification using microaerobically grown B. bifidum cells, and the active enzyme was purified from the NADH oxidase-active fraction. The purified enzyme was identified as b-type dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODb) and characterized as a dominant H2O2 producer in B. bifidum. In this study, we performed further purification of the enzyme from the NAD(P)H oxidase-active fraction and characterized the purified enzyme as a part of the H2O2 degradation system in B. bifidum. This purified enzyme was identified as thioredoxin reductase (TrxR); the NAD(P)H oxidase activity of this enzyme was not expressed in anaerobically grown B. bifidum, and mRNA expression was induced by O2 exposure. Furthermore, the purified B. bifidum TrxR interacted with recombinant alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (rAhpC) and exhibited NAD(P)H peroxidase activity. These results suggest that TrxR responds to O2 and protects B. bifidum from oxidative stress by degrading H2O2 via the TrxR-AhpC system.