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As the population ages, the incidence of lumbar spinal stenosis and the number of available surgical options for its treatment continue to increase. To date, posterolateral spinal fusion via pedicle screw and rod fixation has been regarded as the mainstay surgical treatment option for stabilization of a degenerative spinal segment. The intended benefits of this treatment include reduced back pain and prevention of continued degeneration of the segment through stabilization and development of bony fusion. However, pedicle screw and rod constructs carry significant morbidity, such as cerebrospinal fluid leaks, neural injury from misplacement of pedicle screws, adjacent segment degeneration and disease, and instrumentation-related complications.In many patients, pedicle screw and rod fixation may be an overtreatment. In the degenerative spine in which there is mechanical back pain with the presence of neurologic symptoms with or without grade I spondylolisthesis, the unfavorable adverse outcomes and increased morbidity of instrumented fusion may not be worth the risks. In contrast, decompression without fusion may fail to address all of the patients’ symptoms and may fail to slow the progression of degenerative changes. The interlaminar lumbar instrumented fusion (ILIF) technique was developed to overcome the potential shortcomings of these current treatment standards by avoiding pedicle screw fixation while creating stabilization in a minimally disruptive surgical technique.