Hollow cathode atomic source applicable to gas, liquid residue, and solid sample phases

We have developed a compact DC-glow discharge hollow cathode atomic source without requiring extensive chemical pretreatment. This system is intended for laser absorption spectroscopy to function as the source of neutral atoms. Our investigative focus is on elements found in nuclear power related environments, particularly in the context of Fukushima Daiichi decommissioning. The elements constituting the samples are identified through investigating the emission produced by the relaxation of the sample atoms after being sputtered by Ne and Ar discharge. The emission spectrum was observed in pure substances and also compounds related to materials such as stainless steel, control material, cladding material, seawater, and concrete, which are expected to constitute the majority of radioactive wastes. In particular, brass and salt, compounds consisting of two elements, were sputtered to produce single atoms of each element. With a copper pipe as an example, the emission efficiency was also investigated, through which the optimal experimental conditions for sputtering were identified. It was found that sputtering would be likely to cause a reduction in pressure, and that emission intensity is related to the electronic temperature during discharge. In addition, this system is not restricted by sample shape or electronic conductivity, with only minor pretreatment.