Ultralight, self-powered and self-adaptive motion sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator for perceptual layer application in Internet of things

In the Internet of things (IoT), motion sensor in the perceptual layer is at the forefront of the information collection, which plays a crucial role in the IoT. However, with a large number of commercial applications, several problems of motion sensor limit the development of IOT such as poor portability, poor environmental adaptability, and high energy consumption, etc. In this work, an ultralight, self-powered and self-adaptive motion sensor (UMS) is reported. Total mass of the UMS is less than 20 mg. Self-powered characteristic of the UMS is achieved based on the principle of triboelectric nanogenerator by using the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction as governed by the Maxwell's displacement current. Moreover, the UMS shows satisfactory self-adaptive performance of both temperature and humidity, less-sensitive to temperature in surroundings, from 15 ℃ to 60 ℃, and ambient humidity under 90% RH. Furthermore, sensing signals triggered by different motion behaviors, such as grasping, walking, stooping and so on, can be distinguished by the processor clearly, which can be applied to motion recognition and machine control. This work presents a novel UMS with characteristics of portability, energy conservation and environmental friendliness. The UMS shows broad prospect in perceptual layer application in IoT.