Toxicological effects of pyrethroids on non-target aquatic insects.

•Aquatic insects are highly sensitive to toxicological effect of pyrethroids.•Susceptibility may be related to biochemical and physiological constraints.•The susceptibility of aquatic organisms to pyrethroid insecticides is critical.•Pyrethroids may also alter beneficial predator–prey relationships.•More emphasis is needed on the standardization of pesticide bioassays.