miR-29b Mediates the Chronic Inflammatory Response in Radiotherapy-Induced Vascular Disease.

•Radiotherapy is a powerful treatment strategy in patients with oncological diseases.•Radiation-induced vasculopathy can dose dependently increase the risk of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (e.g., myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke).•The microRNA miR-29b is repressed in radiation-induced vasculopathy (human irradiated vs. nonirradiated tissue specimen, as well as in murine and cell culture models of irradiation).•Pentraxin-3 and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 are the main downstream effectors of miR-29b in radiation-induced vasculopathy.•miR-29b mimics were able to limit pentraxin-3 and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 levels in the irradiated vasculature (murine model) and to constrain the burden of vascular inflammation.