Solar Integration in Water Desalination Systems A Literature Review

Water and energy are the main two requisites for any prosperous life. The massive population growth, high living standards, and rapid industrial and agricultural development are all contributing to water scarcity and high-energy demand. In this paper, a literature review of the initial operations and basic principles of various desalination systems is carried out. It focuses on the most widely used desalination technologies on the global market. It shows that rigorous studies and research into enhancing the performance of desalination units resulted in a significant reduction in the cost of producing desalinated water units. The authors concluded that energy is the driving force behind all desalination facilities, and that it has a direct and significant impact on the cost of producing desalinated water units. The value of the unit production cost, on the other hand, has been offset by new research that has increased the water desalination performance processes. The use of renewable energyin desalination systems, especially the integration with solar energy, provides an attractive alternative solution for sustainable production, cost and environmental pollution reduction.