Copper Discoloration: Correlation Between Copper Oxidation States and Their Colors
2018 IEEE International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA)(2018)
Abstract
Here we report a novel approach on how to differentiate the copper oxidation state based on their colors. A series of analyses are carried out in order to determine the correlation between the state of copper oxides and their colors by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Our analysis results reveal that the light and dark brownish colored copper areas are formed by different copper oxide compositions whereby dark colored copper area consisted a mixture of Cu
2
O and CuO, whilst the light colored copper area is dominated by Cu
2
O with trace of CuO.
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Key words
Copper oxides,Dark brownish,Light brownish,CuO,Cu2O
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