BIIIA: a bioinformatics-inspired image identification approach

Image identification by using similar patterns is a fundamental research problem in digital image analysis. In this paper, image identification of watermarks through biological sequence representation is described. The proposed method is termed bioinformatics-inspired image identification approach (BIIIA), where DNA-encoded images are aligned by using Smith-Waterman algorithm (SWA) and Needleman-Wunch algorithm (NWA) to derive patterns (signatures) which are exploited in pattern matching to identify images having the presence of a watermark. The results demonstrate the efficacy of this approach and evidence that DNA encoding is feasible for image watermark identification using SWA and NWA.