Exactly Solvable Record Model for Rainfall

Daily precipitation time series are composed of null entries corresponding to dry days and nonzero entries that describe the rainfall amounts on wet days. Assuming that wet days follow a Bernoulli process with success probability p, we show that the presence of dry days induces negative correlations between record-breaking precipitation events. The resulting nonmonotonic behavior of the Fano factor of the record counting process is recovered in empirical data. We derive the full probability distribution P(R, n) of the number of records R-n, up to time n, and show that for large n, it converges to a Poisson distribution with parameter ln(pn). We also study in detail the joint limit p -> 0, n -> infinity, which yields a random record model in continuous time t = pn.