Evaluation of physical, chemical, microstructural and micromechanical properties of nopal spines (Opuntia ficus-indica)

•Microstructure of nopal spines was characterized by microscopy techniques.•Distribution of cellulose and lignin in nopal spines was evidenced by microscopy.•Micromechanical properties are influenced by the structural arrangement of spines.•Nopal spines are harder than wood materials.•Nopal spines could be an alternative source of cellulose and lignin.