Achieving low methane and nitrous oxide emissions with high economic incomes in a rice-based cropping system

•MC relative to RF increased yield gains and reduced input costs, thus increasing NEEB.•MC relative to TI decreased input and GWP costs, thus increasing NEEB significantly.•Applying CP under MC further increased yield and reduced GWP, and then enhanced NEEB.•The MC and MC + CP were suggested to be the effective management strategies.