Toward innovative combinational immunotherapy: A systems biology perspective

•Combinational immunotherapy exerts antitumor effects via augmenting innate immunity and/or rejuvenating T cell function.•Remodeling tumor microenvironment is one of appreciated mechanisms underlying combination therapy.•Multiplex biomarkers better define intrinsic immune status and therefore are superior therapeutic stratification markers.•Longitudinal monitoring tumor genomics and local immunome provides novel insights into resistance mechanisms.•Systems biology is a promising approach to study cancer biology.