Multiphoton Ultrafast LOcal Volume Excitation (ULOVE) Through Acousto-optic Wavefront Shaping to Record and Control Neuronal Activity

Technologies for recording and manipulating transmembrane potential in vivo in defined neuronal populations with high fidelity will be essential to understand how information is represented, processed, and propagated in the brain. Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) and optogenetic actuators are especially promising as they can be expressed in defined cell types and are compatible with long-term chronic imaging in vivo. Cellular voltage imaging in vivo, however, suffers from limitations of both speed and sensitivity inherent in current indicators and imaging modalities.