Remineralization Of The Hard Tissues Of The Teeth. Operative Protocols For An Effective Result

OBJECTIVESNumerous active ingredients have been developed over the last few years and are described as being able to interact with the demineralized surfaces of the hard dental tissues so far as to be reconstructed, regenerated and repaired. Beyond the commercial communication of individual products, returning damaged enamel and damaged dentine minerals is certainly possible, although the biological mechanisms that govern the processes of dental remineralization must be known beforehand, and therefore what active principles can be more effective than others.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe active agents currently available on the market have been analyzed, considering the mechanisms of action, the advantages and the role within dental remineralization.RESULTSAmong the various active ingredients, those with higher biomimetic activity seem to promise the best results for effective remineralization of tooth tissues. The increasing of the presence and bioavailability of ions such as calcium and phosphate seems to be linked to a better remineralizing action by these more bioactive principles. The development of knowledge and the advent of nanotechnology has certainly helped the formulation of bioavailable mineral particulates, mainly based on calcium, phosphates and fluoride.CONCLUSIONSBeyond the active ingredient used, only the biological processes that normally occur within the oral cavity can bring any product to the ideal environment to function. It is therefore essential to understand when a remineralizing treatment should be used, to fully understand the biological mechanisms that regulate the balance between acid demineralization and remineralization, to understand the biochemical mechanisms for which an active ingredient contained in a product the practitioner is about to use should work, identify risk factors that could reduce the effectiveness of the treatment and remove, if possible, possible barriers to the operation of the therapy.