Design, Modeling, and Characterization of a 10 kWe Metal Halide High Flux Solar Simulator

We present the design and characterization of a high flux solar simulator (HFSS) based on metal halide lamps and built from commercially available components. The HFSS that we present was developed to support the evaluation of a solar thermochemical reactor prototype. The HFSS consists of an array of four independent lamp/reflector modules aimed at a common target location. Each module contains one 2500 W-e lamp and one electroformed ellipsoidal reflector having an interfocal distance of 813mm. The modules are oriented with an angle relative to the target surface normal vector of 24.5deg. Design simulations predicted that the peak flux of this HFSS would be 2980kW(th)/m(2), with a total power delivered to a 6-cm target of 3.3kW(th), for a transfer efficiency of 33.3%. Experimental characterization of the HFSS using optical flux mapping and calorimetry showed that the peak flux at the focal plane reached 2890 +/- 170kW(th)/m(2), while the total power delivered was 3.5 +/- 0.21kW(th) for a transfer efficiency of 35.3%. The HFSS was built at a material cost of similar to $2700.00/module and a total hardware cost of similar to $11,000.00 for the four-lamp array. A seven-lamp version of this HFSS is predicted to deliver 5.6kW(th) to a 6cm diameter target at a peak flux of 4900kW(th)/m(2) at a hardware cost of similar to $19,000.00 ($3400.00/kW(th) delivered, $1100.00/kW(e)).