Plant wax n -alkane and n -alkanoic acid signatures overprinted by microbial contributions and old carbon in meromictic lake sediments: Plant wax n -alkane and n -alkanoic acid signatures overprinted by microbial contributions and old carbon in meromictic lake sediments

Specific n-alkanes and n-alkanoic acids are commonly used as biomarkers in paleoenvironmental reconstruction, yet any individual homologue may originate from multiple biological sources. Here we improve source and age controls for these compounds in meromictic systems by measuring the radiocarbon (C-14) ages of specific homologues preserved in twentieth century Lake Pavin (France) sediments. In contrast to many studies, C-14 ages generally decreased with increasing carbon chain length, from 7.3 to 2.6 ka for the C-14-C-30 n-alkanoic acids and from 9.2 to 0.3 ka for the C-21-C-33 n-alkanes. Given a known hard water effect, these values suggest that aquatic microbial sources predominate and contributed to most of the homologues measured. Only the longest chain n-alkanes exclusively represent inputs of higher plant waxes, which were previously sequestered in soils over centennial to millennial timescales prior to transport and deposition. These findings suggest that biomarker source and age should be carefully established for lacustrine settings.