A numerical simulation study of the path-resolved breakup behaviors of molten metal in high-pressure gas atomization: With emphasis on the role of shock waves in the gas/molten metal interaction

•A high pressure gas atomization process of molten metal was numerically simulated.•The purpose of this study was to clarify the path-dependent gas-melt interactions.•Two types of nozzles were used to highlight effects of shocks on the interactions.•More efficient paths were found to exist for the maximal use of gas kinetic energy.•Shock waves were detrimental to producing smaller metal powders.