Small-mass atomic defects enhance vibrational thermal transport at disordered interfaces with ultrahigh thermal boundary conductance

The role of interfacial nonidealities and disorder on thermal transport across interfaces is traditionally assumed to add resistance to heat transfer, decreasing the thermal boundary conductance (TBC).$^1$ However, recent computational works have suggested that interfacial defects can enhance this thermal boundary conductance through emergence of unique vibrations that are intrinsic to the material interface and defect atoms,$^{2-6}$ a finding that contradicts traditional theory and conventional understanding. By manipulating the local heat flux of atomic vibrations that comprise these interfacial modes, in principle, the TBC can be increased. In this work, we provide evidence that interfacial defects can enhance the TBC across interfaces through the emergence of unique high frequency vibrational modes that arise from atomic mass defects at the interface with relatively small masses. We demonstrate ultrahigh TBC at amorphous SiOC:H/SiC:H interfaces, approaching 1 GW m$^{-2}$ K$^{-1}$, that is further increased through the introduction of nitrogen defects. The fact that disordered interfaces can exhibit such high conductances, which can be further increased with additional defects offers a unique direction in controlling interfacial thermal transport that becomes important in manipulating heat transfer across materials with high densities of interfaces.