Studies on Biosurfcatants Produced by Microorganisms Isolated from Different Locations

Background: Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds which have the significant advantages over synthetic counterparts. The advantages of biosurfactants over their synthetic derivatives and a wide range of applications have attracted a strong interest of scientific community. These have wide range of potential applications in areas of environmental applications and management, crude oil recovery, antimicrobial agents in health care and food processing industries. Objectives: the present study describes the Collection of different samples and isolation of microorganisms utilizing different hydrocarbons , purification and identification of the microbial isolates , screening of the ability of the used isolates for the effeciency in producing biosurfactants and studies for achieving optimum production of the biosurfactants and their chemical identification. Methodology and Results: In this study, we collected 15 samples from different locations from crude oil reservoires, waste industrial water, waste water, agricultural soil and automobile workshop. totally 1834colonies were obtained from all 15 samples from which 149 morphologically different colonies were tested for biosurfactants production and 50 strains showed a promising biosurfactants production. The two strains W1-S55 and SA3-S107 that presented the highest values of oil spreading test (65 and67mm), emulsification index (80 and85%), parafilm M test(8and10mm) and dropcollapse test(5and6mm) were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, respectively by 16s rRNA sequence analysis and by Biochemical tests with Biolog system. 3 % Glyceroland %0.15 Glycine as carbon and nitrogen source, respectively was the optimal for biosurfactants producing condition by the isolate W1-S55, 16% molass and 0.5%sodium nitrate as carbon and nitrogen source, respectively was the optimal for biosurfactants producing condition by the isolate SA3-S107. The effect of pH; salinity and temperature on the produced biosurfactant were also evaluated.