Histopathological alteration in Gill, Kidney and Liver of Cirrhinus mrigala, Catla catla, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Labeo rohita due to sub-lethal exposure of textile industries effluents in Faisalabad, Pakistan

The objective of present study was to determine the effect of textile industries effluents on water and aquatic organisms particularly fish. The experiment was performed in glass aquaria containing fingerlings of approximately ~25-28 gm. Histopathological changes in the gill, kidney and liver of four species were observed. Severe degeneration of the secondary gill filaments, degenerative changes in the primary gill filament were observed. Short fusion of secondary lamellae, less changes in the integrity of lamellae, less proliferation of mucus cell and severe hemorrhage showed in the gill of C. catla. Histopathological changes were glomerular shrinkage, increased spaces between glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, increased tubular lumen in the kidney of C. mrigala, L. rohita, H. molitrix and C. catla. Histopathological changes in the liver were focal area of necrosis, intravascular hemorrhage, vacuolar degeneration, severe hemorrhage, hepatocytes degeneration, necrosis, and hemolysis, erythrocyte infiltration in blood sinusoid, eccentric nuclei, cytoplasmic vaculation and dilation of the vein.