The Joint Effect Of Different Concentration Of Cd2+ And Ionic Liquid On The Growth Of Wheat Seedlings

The joint effect of different concentrations (0.05-0.375 mmol/L) of Cd2+ and various concentrations (50-400 mg/L) of [C(3)mim][OAc] on the growth and physiology of wheat seedlings were investigated. The toxicity of Cd2+ could be significantly reduced by lower concentrations (50-200 mg/L) of [C(3)mim][OAc]. With higher concentration (= 300 mg/L) of [C(3)mim][OAc], the reduction became less, and compared to Cd2+ stress only, the toxicity of 400 mg/L [C(3)mim][OAc] increased. As for different Cd2+ concentrations, the optimal reduction depends on the balance between the exact concentration of Cd2+ and [C(3)mim][OAc]: With low Cd2+ concentration (0.05-0.250 mmol/L) requiring 50 mg/L [C(3)mim][OAc], it could reach a dynamic equilibrium, while high Cd2+ concentration (0.375 mmol/L) requiring 100 mg/L [C(3)mim][OAc]. The growth and physiological indexes of wheat seedlings show a decrease in toxicity compared to the Cd alone treatment, when the dynamic equilibrium is reached. The concentration of Cd2+ in leaf tissues showed that low concentration (50-200 mg/L) of [C(3)mim][OAc] can reduce the toxicity of Cd2+ (0.05-0.375 mmol/L) by decreasing the level of Cd2+ concentration in the tissues, whereas the higher concentration (= 300 mg/L) of [C(3)mim][OAc] can increase the concentration of Cd2+.