Coronal Malalignment in the Adult Knee.

Coronal plane deformity in the adult patient is a complex clinical problem. Once the hip, knee, and ankle joint centers lose collinerarity, the knee is exposed to abnormal loads across its tibiofemoral compartments, leading to early degenerative changes. Malalignment can coexist with arthrosis and ligamentous instability. High tibial osteotomy and distal femoral osteotomy have been useful tools to realign the adult knee. They can be performed along with ligament reconstruction and cartilage restoration procedures with high success rates. Despite novel techniques and fixation methods, principles of deformity correction should be followed to maximize clinical outcomes.