Anti-atherogenic properties associated with the antioxidant activity from the hydrophilic extracts of Halimeda incrassata (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales)

Seaweeds are a source of natural antioxidants having potential application in oxidative stress and associated diseases.In this work, anti-atherogenic properties associated with the antioxidant activity from the hydrophilic extracts of Halimeda incrassata were studied.The phenolic content assessed in the aqueous extract and fraction phenolic acids (FPA) was 0.13 ± 0.05 and 0.47 ± 0.09 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry seaweed, respectively.In DPPH • , radical scavenging assay fractions exhibited a dependent concentration.The seaweeds extract inhibited the desoxirribose oxidation in the presence or absence of EDTA (IC 50 = 1.91± 0.09 mg/mL) (IC 50 = 2.95 ± 0.01 mg/mL).In vivo antioxidant properties of FPA-H.incrassata were investigated in rats with a CCl 4 -induced liver injury.Pre-treatment with H. incrassata led to approximately 50% reductions in liver TBARS levels.The treatment with H. incrassata FPA also increased the activity of the CAT enzyme, which in turn resulted in an enhanced antioxidant defense.The expression of Catalase by PCR-RT technique demonstrated a higher gene expression when compared with that which was observed in the CCl 4 -treated group.Antiatherogenic properties were studied in the inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation mediated by Cu 2+ or HRP/H 2 O 2 , free radical scavenging, and metal ion chelation, and it was dose dependent with a higher concentration needed for the aqueous extract than for the FPA fraction.Antioxidant activity was also improved in macrophages as evaluated in the cell supernatant (by TBARS formation); and by luminol enhanced chemiluminescence after cell activation with zymosan; and a degree of cell lipoperoxidation was decreased by the Halimeda incrassata extract.The results of this work add to the antioxidant potential of the seaweed for its application in oxidative stress associated conditions.