Extranuclear-initiated estrogenic actions of endocrine disrupting chemicals: Is there toxicology beyond paracelsus?

•EDCs act as agonist, antagonist or modulators of hormone receptors.•BPA acts as a potent estrogen via extranuclearly located ERalpha, ERbeta and GPER.•New evidence indicates that the BPA alternative, BPS, uses the same molecular mechanisms.•Action through extranuclear ERs help to explain low dose effects as well as nonmonotonic dose responses.