Grain-Boundary Resistance in Copper Interconnects: From an Atomistic Model to a Neural Network

Orientation effects on the resistivity of copper grain boundaries are studied systematically with two different atomistic tight binding methods. A methodology is developed to model the resistivity of grain boundaries using the Embedded Atom Model, tight binding methods and non-equilibrum Greenu0027s functions (NEGF). The methodology is validated against first principles calculations for small, ultra-thin body grain boundaries (u003c5nm) with 6.4% deviation in the resistivity. A statistical ensemble of 600 large, random structures with grains is studied. For structures with three grains, it is found that the distribution of resistivities is close to normal. Finally, a compact model for grain boundary resistivity is constructed based on a neural network.