The Effect of Combined Fructo-Oligosaccharides, Isoflavone, and Citric Acid Calcium on the Bone Quality of Thighbone Metaphysis in Osteoporotic Rats

As society ages, the maintenance and improvement of the quality of life in elderly people have become essential. The effective intake and bioavailability rate of calcium help prevention of osteoporosis and fracture by fall. The additive assorted feed (HMD) was designed using calcium citrate and calcium phosphate (3.0% calcium concentration) to improve calcium intake in elderly. However, such a high concentration of calcium can lead to adverse effects. This study aimed to elucidate the appropriate calcium concentration for developing an additive formula diet (AFD), by evaluating the improvement in bone structure of ageing rats previously fed with a low nutrient diet. Twenty rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=5). Three groups were fed a low mineral diet (LMD) for 189 days. At 190 days, these rats were fed either LMD, normal mineral diet (NMD), or AFD for an additional 84 days. The 4th group was fed with NMD for 273 days. The femur of rats was removed at 273 days and the effect of supplements was investigated by changes in the BMD, BMC, and trabecular structure measurements using micro-computer tomography and polarization microscopy. No significant differences were detected with respect to BMD and BMC in LMD+AFD and NMD+NMD. The LMD+AFD group showed significantly better structural values with respect to Tb.N, Tb.sp, and Tb.spac than the LMD+NMD group. The LMD+AFD group showed significantly denser trabecular observations than the LMD+NMD group. This correlated with trabecular separation (Tb.sp) and spacing (Tb.spac), which denote the distance between individual trabecular structures. Supplementation with AFD showed efficient bone formation and inhibited further bone loss as bone density, bone mineral density, and bone structure improved to levels close to that of healthy bones. In this study, a 1.0% concentration of calcium improved the bone structure safely.