Subclinical atherosclerosis risk markers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

•Subclinical atherosclerosis risk makers, including CIMT, FMD, PWV and AIx, were systematically assessed in COPD patients.•COPD patients has a greater burden of subclinical cardiovascular disease as assessed by a variety of markers.•The increased subclinical atherosclerosis risk in COPD patients go beyond the effects of disease severity, concomitant CVD and smoking.