A 2d Diffusion-Reaction Cdte Solar Cell Simulator That Includes Active Defects And Grain Boundaries

We have developed a 2D diffusion-reaction simulator suitable for modeling CdTe solar cells that contain active defects. It utilizes a self-consistent numerical scheme in which the device is mapped onto a finite element mesh. To demonstrate its versatility, we apply the simulator to the problems of defect migration during the annealing process and the extraction of current-voltage characteristics and quantum efficiencies. Our simulator also includes grain boundaries which are known to play an important role in CdTe devices as they strongly affect the migration of defects such as chlorine (Cl).