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Symptoms associated with monthly bleeding: results from the European study ISY (Inconvenience due to women'S monthlY bleeding)

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology(2016)

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摘要
Objectives: For many women, monthly bleeding is painful, inconvenient and affecting everyday life. To study inconvenience associated with monthly bleeding such as the occurrence of menstruation-related symptoms prior to and/or during menstruation. Method: A 15-min quantitative online survey was conducted in 2015 among 5728 women from 18 to 45 years old in 12 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Spain). Among the participants, 2739 used a combined hormonal contraceptive (Group CHC) and 2989 a non-hormonal contraceptive (excluding copper intrauterine devices) or no contraceptive (Group no-HC). Level of intensity, frequency, onset of menstrual related symptoms, and need to take medications for relief were investigated. Non-contraceptive reasons for taking CHC were also studied. Each participant gave written informed consent. Results: Age, education, professional activity and number of previous pregnancies were the only significant differences between the two groups. Symptoms were significantly more numerous in Group no-HC than in Group CHC (5.9 vs. 5.3, respectively; p < 0.0001) as was the percentage of women presenting ≥1 symptom (95% vs. 93%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Most of the symptoms were significantly more intense in Group no-HC than in Group CHC. Pelvic pain, bloating/swelling, mood swing, and irritability were reported in more than half of the women in each group. Treatments for relief of these symptoms were more frequently used in Group CHC than in Group no-HC and more frequent for headache and pelvic pain in both group. Beside pregnancy prevention, menstrual irregularities were the most important motivation for taking a CHC (42%). Conclusions: This survey showed that CHC users experience fewer and less intense menstrual related symptoms, however a large part of CHC users reported to have ≥1 symptom. Reducing the frequency of menstrual bleeding could also reduce withdrawal-related symptoms.
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关键词
monthly bleeding,european study isy,symptoms
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