The operation region and MHD modes on the J-TEXT tokamak

The operation region and the parameter region of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes are analyzed for J-TEXT Ohmic discharges. The operation region is described by the Hugill diagram, which combines low-q and high density limits. It is found that the operation region has expanded over the years on J-TEXT. In detail, the high density limit has increased from less than 0.5n(G) to 0.7n(G) and the low-q limit has lowered from 2.8 to 2.2; this is due to the reduced impurity content that results from coating graphite on the wall. Furthermore, the operation region has further expanded to 0.85n(G) and q(a) similar to 2.0, respectively-a result of suppressing the disruptive precursor MHD by using externally-applied resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs). Here, n(G) and q(a) are the Greenwald density limit and edge safety factor, respectively. Corresponding to the results of the operation region, the parameter regions of MHD modes are presented. It is found that a m/n = 2/1 tearing mode (TM) appears for a wide parameters region with 2.4 < q(a) < 4 and n(e) < 3 x 10(19) m(-3)- here m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers. Furthermore, other MHD modes such as m/n = 5/2, 3/1, 4/1 and 7/2, appear only when their rational surfaces are close to the plasma edge or m/n similar to q(a), and these MHD modes may transit to a 2/1 TM when changing the plasma parameters. In addition, correlation analysis between the amplitude and frequency of the dominant 2/1 TM for different plasma conditions reveals that there is a threshold between normal discharges and density-limit discharges, which would be a reference to predict density-limit disruptions.