Simulating the effects of long-term discontinuous and continuous fertilization with straw return on crop yields and soil organic carbon dynamics using the DNDC model

•Applicability of DNDC model was tested under discontinuous fertilization condition.•Fertilization can more significantly enhance crop yield than that by straw return.•Straw return can more effectively increase SOC content compared to fertilization.•Temperature and precipitation have significantly impact on crop yield and SOC content.•Optimal fertilization and straw return can improve crop yield and SOC content.