The role of scapular kinematics in patients with different shoulder musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review approach

This study aimed to identify the role of the scapula in shoulder musculoskeletal disorders (SMDs) and provided a systematic review of available studies in the field of scapular three-dimensional kinematics. We systematically searched 5 international databases, including Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, and Cochrane Library from June to September 2015. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and were retrieved in full paper. The selected studies were critically appraised independently by two researchers. The patients with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) and shoulder instability had an increased protraction, lesser upward rotation (UR), and increased internal rotation (IR) during scapular plane elevation, whereas the patients with frozen shoulders had lesser protraction. Moreover, the patients with SIS had a greater scapular posterior tilt (PT) and external rotation during shoulder abduction. Increased scapular UR and PT with decreased scapular IR was seen in patients with stiffness of Latissimus Dorsi and fibromyalgia without any changes in the scapular IR.