Taking into Account Sustainable Development for MENA Countries: The Calculation of a Modified HDI Index

Nathalie Hilmi,Alain Safa,Nicolas Peridy, Messaoud Zemouri

Topics in Middle Eastern andNorth African Economies（2015）

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摘要

GDP, a measure of economic welfare, may be supplemented with other measures of economic welfare and environmental sustainability. This article discusses alternative measures which have been proposed in the literature concerning pollution, which can be used to augment GDP as a measure of welfare to produce a better index.

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