A Study on the Optimization of Atrium Daylight and Energy Performance through Skylight and Shading Design in Commercial Buildings in Cold Zones

Atriums play an irreplaceable role within the plan of modern commercial buildings. However, the presence of skylights makes the atrium suffer from unfavorable conditions such as overheating, high energy consumption, and glare, which can be partially reduced by the sun-shading design of skylights. In this paper, we conducted a field test and questionnaire survey on the daylight quality of commercial buildings in cold zones in China to find out the current problems of daylight quality in atriums and to establish a model of commercial atrium. After the dynamic daylight and energy consumption simulation, the sensitivity analysis of daylight and energy performance is performed for the skylight and shading (SAS) design parameters under three shading types. Finally, the Pareto front solution set of optimized commercial atrium daylight, visual comfort, and energy performance for the three shading types has been obtained using a multi-objective search tool. The results show that SRR has the greatest effect on sDA, DGP, and EUI in all shading cases; while SGT has a greater effect on EUI than on daylight quality; FC has a greater effect on EUI than FV on EUI; and LS and LI have a more significant influence on daylight and visual comfort. The optimal SAS values of no shading, fabric shading and louvered shading were screened as SRR is 0.4-0.5, SGT is Double silver Low-E insulating glass; SRR is 0.5-0.6, SGT is Double silver Low-E insulating glass, FV is 0.5-0.7, FC is 0.5-0.6; SRR is 0.6-0.7, SGT is Double silver Low-E insulating glass, LS is 100 mm/125 mm, and LI is 60-70 degrees. It is expected that this study will provide some information and reference for the design of commercial atriums in cold zones in the future.